Spinal Fusion: What It Is, Surgery, Procedure, & Cost

Spinal fusion is a surgical procedure that is meant to fuse two or more vertebrae in the spine permanently, thus eliminating movement between them. In general, this procedure is indicated for individuals suffering from chronic back pain, degenerative disc disease, scoliosis, or spinal instability. It is said to be a go-to method when your ailment has not responded to conservative treatments like physical therapy, medication, or lifestyle changes. 

So, let us dive into what spinal fusion entails, how the surgery works, what to expect during the procedure, and the typical costs involved. 

What Is Spinal Fusion? 

Spinal fusion is an orthopedic procedure performed to stabilize the spine. A surgeon connects two or more bones of the spine (vertebrae) using a bone graft or a bone-like material to stop movement between the fused vertebrae. This helps to lower the pain from: 

• Herniated discs 

• Spinal stenosis 

• Scoliosis 

• Spondylolisthesis 

• Fractured vertebrae 

• Chronic lower back pain 

Once the vertebrae are fused, they heal into a single, solid bone over time. This contributes to providing long-term stability to the affected section of the spine. 

When is Spinal Fusion Recommended? 

In the majority of cases, surgeons do not suggest spinal fusion surgery as first-line therapy. The use of spinal fusion surgery may be considered when: 

• Conservative treatment has not provided relief for a reasonable period, 

• Severe or disabling pain in the back has occurred due to spinal deformity or instability, 

• The patient is suffering from spinal deformities such as kyphosis or scoliosis, 

• There is an imminent risk of nerve compression due to degenerative disease or trauma. 

Before surgery is recommended, surgeons will carefully consider the patient and complete imaging studies like MRIs, CT scans, or X-rays.  

Understanding the Spinal Fusion Procedure 

Patients who are having a spinal fusion are usually under general anesthesia. They take between 2 and 6 hours, depending on the type and complexity of the condition being corrected and how many vertebrae are involved. 

Steps Involved: 

• Incision or Exposure: An incision will be made along the predetermined site for the exposure of the vertebrae. 

• Removal of Disc: The surgeon will opt to remove the intervertebral disc if it is considered non-functioning. 

• Bone Grafting: Bone graft material is packed in between the vertebrae to promote growth. 

• Stabilization: The vertebrae may be stabilized together using metal plates, screws, or rods to promote healing. 

Recovery After Spinal Fusion Surgery 

The length of recovery will depend on the person’s age, health status, and the difficulty of the surgery. Usually: 

• Hospital Stay: 2 to 4 days in the hospital after the surgery. 

• First stage of recovery: Pain and soreness may last for a few weeks. The physician will prescribe pain medication and a muscle relaxant. 

• Physical therapy: Rehabilitation usually starts within a few weeks following the operation to restore muscle strength and mobility. 

• Retirement: Usually a 3 to 6-month recovery time or even longer for a full-fledged spinal fusion, which is the more complicated one.

Patients should be told not to lift heavy things, bend, or twist during their recovery process to avoid complications. 

Risks and Complications 

Like any major surgery, spinal fusion carries some risks. These may include: 

• Infection at the surgical site 

• Blood clots 

• Nerve damage 

• Non-union or incomplete fusion 

• Adjacent segment degeneration (stress on nearby vertebrae) 

Choosing an experienced Spine Surgeon greatly minimizes the risk of complications. If you are thinking about spinal fusion, meet with the best spine surgeon at Regeny Healthcare so they can assess your situation and provide you with their expert opinion. 

Cost of Spinal Fusion Surgery 

Some general estimated costs of a surgical fusion in India are: 

• Most spinal fusion Surgery: INR 1.5 to INR 2.5 lakhs 

• Cost may increase depending upon the number of Leeds to be operated. 

Conclusion 

For those who suffer from chronic, unmanageable issues with the spine, spinal fusion can be life-altering. When conservative treatment fails to relieve pain that disrupts daily life, then spinal fusion surgery could provide the relief and stability needed to have a new lease of life. If you or a loved one is considering opting for this surgery, it is imperative to consult with a trusted specialist. 

Also Read: What Are The Functions Of Your Spine?