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Tuberculosis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs but can also spread to other parts of the body, such as the kidneys, spine, and brain. Despite being preventable and curable, TB remains one of the leading infectious causes of death worldwide. Understanding its causes, symptoms, and treatment options is crucial for early diagnosis and effective management.
Causes of Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis is caused by a bacterium known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It spreads through the air when a person with active TB coughs, sneezes, or speaks. You can get infected if you inhale these bacteria, especially in poorly ventilated areas.
However, not everyone infected with TB bacteria becomes sick. There are two conditions:
- Latent TB Infection: The bacteria remain in the body in an inactive state and cause no symptoms.
- Active TB Disease: The bacteria multiply and cause symptoms, making the person contagious.
People with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS, diabetes, or malnutrition, are more likely to develop active TB.
Symptoms of Tuberculosis
The symptoms of TB can vary depending on which organs are affected, but the most common signs of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB of the lungs) include:
- Persistent cough lasting more than 2 weeks
- Coughing up blood or phlegm
- Chest pain during breathing or coughing
- Fatigue and weakness
- Unexplained weight loss
- Fever and chills
- Night sweats
- Loss of appetite
If TB spreads to other organs (extrapulmonary TB), it may cause symptoms in the spine, kidneys, lymph nodes, or brain, depending on the area affected.
Diagnosis of Tuberculosis
Early detection of TB is vital for successful treatment. Doctors may use a combination of the following tests to diagnose TB:
- Skin Test (Mantoux Test): A small amount of TB protein is injected under the skin to check for a reaction.
- Chest X-ray or CT Scan: Helps identify lung abnormalities caused by TB.
- Sputum Test: Samples of mucus or phlegm are examined under a microscope to look for Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
If you suspect TB or have been in close contact with someone diagnosed, it’s essential to visit a healthcare provider at the best hospital in Kanpur for accurate diagnosis and timely care.
Treatment of Tuberculosis
TB is treatable with a course of antibiotics prescribed for at least six months. The most common medications include:
- Isoniazid
- Rifampin (Rifampicin)
- Ethambutol
- Pyrazinamide
Patients must complete the entire treatment as directed by their doctor to prevent drug resistance, which can make TB harder to treat. In cases of drug-resistant TB, more intensive therapy with stronger antibiotics may be required.
Along with medication, proper nutrition, rest, and regular follow-ups are essential for complete recovery.
For comprehensive diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management, you can consult specialists at the Regency Hospital, where experienced doctors and modern technology ensure effective TB care.
Also Read: 5 Common Lung Disorders & Their Causes
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Is tuberculosis contagious?
Yes, TB spreads through the air when a person with active TB coughs, sneezes, or speaks. However, TB does not spread through physical contact, sharing food, or touching surfaces.
Can tuberculosis be cured completely?
Yes, TB can be completely cured with timely diagnosis and proper medication. Completing the full course of treatment is essential to avoid recurrence or drug-resistant TB.
What is the difference between latent and active tb?
In latent TB, the bacteria remain inactive and do not cause symptoms or spread. In active TB, the bacteria multiply, causing symptoms and making the person contagious.
Who is most at risk of developing tb?
People with weak immune systems, such as those with HIV, diabetes, cancer, or malnutrition, are at higher risk of developing active TB.
Where can i get the best treatment for tuberculosis in kanpur?
For advanced and reliable TB diagnosis and treatment, visit the best hospital in Kanpur, where specialists provide personalized care, accurate testing, and complete treatment support.
