A kidney transplant is a surgery where a damaged kidney is replaced with a healthy one from a donor. The kidney could come from a deceased organ donor or a living donor. In certain cases, the family members or individuals who are a good match may be willing to give one of their kidneys. This form of transplant is known as a live transplant.

Nephrolithiasis or kidney stones as it is better known is a disease that is caused when hard deposits made up of minerals and salts are formed within the kidney or urinary tract. While smaller stones of about 5 mm can pass out of the body unnoticed along with urine, larger stones can be quite painful and might require surgery if they become lodged in the urinary tract causing infection or other complications.