Meningioma: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

A meningioma is a type of brain tumor that develops in the meninges — the protective layers covering the brain and spinal cord. Most meningiomas are benign (non-cancerous) and grow slowly, but in some cases, they can be atypical or malignant, leading to faster growth and severe health issues. 

Even though meningiomas are the most common type of primary brain tumor, many people don’t realize they have one until it grows large enough to cause symptoms. 

Causes of Meningioma 

The exact cause of meningiomas isn’t fully understood, but certain factors may increase the risk: 

• Genetic mutations: affect cell growth.

• Radiation exposure: especially to the head.

• Hormonal influence: more common in women, possibly linked to estrogen and progesterone.

• Family history or inherited syndromes: such as Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2).

• Age factor: more likely to occur in adults over 40. 

Symptoms of Meningioma 

Symptoms vary depending on the tumor’s size and location. Small tumors may not cause noticeable symptoms. However, as they grow, they may lead to: 

• Frequent headaches

• Blurred or double vision

• Hearing loss or ringing in the ears

• Seizures

• Memory loss or difficulty concentrating

• Weakness in arms or legs

• Personality or mood changes 

How is Meningioma Diagnosed? 

To confirm the presence of a meningioma, doctors may recommend: 

• Neurological examination – to assess memory, vision, reflexes, and coordination.

• Imaging tests – MRI and CT scans are the most reliable tools to detect meningiomas and determine their size and position.

• Biopsy – in rare cases, tissue samples are examined to check if the tumor is malignant. 

Treatment for Meningioma 

The treatment approach depends on the tumor’s size, growth rate, and symptoms. Options include: 

• Observation (Watchful Waiting): Small, slow-growing tumors without symptoms may only need regular monitoring with MRI scans.

• Surgery: Surgical removal is the preferred treatment if the tumor is accessible and causing symptoms.

• Radiation Therapy: Used when surgery isn’t possible or to treat remaining tumor cells after surgery.

• Medications: In some cases, medications may help manage symptoms like seizures or swelling.
   

Living with Meningioma 

Many people with meningiomas live long, healthy lives, especially if diagnosed early. Regular follow-ups, healthy lifestyle habits, and adherence to treatment plans play a major role in long-term well-being. 

Conclusion 

Meningioma is a common brain tumor that is usually non-cancerous but can still affect daily life if left untreated. Early diagnosis and the right treatment plan can help manage symptoms effectively and improve quality of life. 

If you or your loved ones experience persistent neurological symptoms such as frequent headaches, seizures, or vision changes, consult a neurosurgeon at Regency Multi Speciality Hospital in Kanpur for timely evaluation and treatment. 

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