Lung cancer can affect both smokers and non-smokers, although smoking remains its leading risk factor. Other factors, including long-term exposure to second-hand smoke, certain workplace substances, air pollution, previous radiation exposure and family history, can also influence risk. Knowing the major risk factors and recognising possible lung cancer symptoms can help people understand when medical evaluation may be appropriate. Early assessment is particularly important because lung cancer may not cause noticeable symptoms in its early stages.

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