Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) refers to pulmonary diseases that block airflow from the lungs and cause breathing difficulties. Damage to the lung tissue over time causes physical changes in the lungs and the airways become clogged with thick mucus. Compliance (the ability of the lung tissue to expand) becomes weakened because of this lung tissue damage. This weakened compliance or elasticity of the lungs means that oxygen cannot get to the air spaces where oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange occurs in the lung.

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